CAUSE AND EFFECT

 

Dalam bahasa Inggris, arti dari kalimat cause and effect adalah sebab akibat. Yaitu, jenis kalimat majemuk yang memiliki sebab dan dapat menimbulkan akibat. Cause berarti sesuatu yang terjadi, sedangkan effect merupakan konsekuensi atau akibat dari adanya kejadian tersebut.

Generic Structure

The cause and effect paragraph has the following structure or generic structure:

1.  Have a main idea on the topic of sentences that will be covered in the whole paragraph.

2.  Have supporting details or supporting sentences in the form of causes.

3.  End with a concluding sentence or a conclusion in the form of a result.

Example of cause and effect sentences

Because

• Because it is raining, she just stay at home.
• ( Because it was raining , he just stayed home)
• Momo went to bed because she was sleepy .
• (Momo goes to sleep because he is sleepy)
• Momo failed in her test because she didn't study.
• (Momo failed his test because he didn't study )

Because of

• Because of you, I'm happy.
• ( Because of you, I'm happy)
• We were bored because of the speech.
• ( We're tired of the speech )
• People can get sick because of germs. 
• ( people can get sick because the germs )

As a result of

• The flight was delayed as a result of fog.
• ( Flight delayed as a result of fog )
• Her hair started falling out as a result of radiation treatment.
• ( Her hair started to fall out as a result of radiation treatment )
• The flood came as a result of the heavy rains.
• ( The Flood came as a result of heavy rains )

On account of

• The President declined to deliver the speech himself, on account of a sore throat.
• (The president refuses to deliver the speech himself, on account of sore throat )
• A newly-married couple, he thought, on account of their walking so close together.
• ( A Newly married couple, he thought, on account of their walked so close )

Due to

• He was absence due to his illness.
• (He was absent because of his illness )
• Due to a lot of job, my father comes home late tonight.
• ( Due to the piling up of tasks, my father came home late tonight)
• The old man was lost his foot, due to car accident.
• (The old man lost his leg, in a car accident)
• Due to the lack of water, my flowers don't grow well.
• ( Due to lack of water, my flowers don't grow well)

Thanks to

• Thanks to his hard work, he is now a very successful businessman.
• ( Thanks to his hard work, he is now a very successful entrepreneur)
• She was able to go to college thanks for the scholarship.
• (He was able to study thanks to a scholarship )
• Thanks to the win, we soon reached the island.
• ( Thanks to the wind, we will soon arrive at the island)

AS

• She can't read the letter as she is illiterate.
• (She can't read letters as he is illiterate )
• As she saw her father, she suddenly smiling.
• ( As she saw his father, he suddenly smiles )
• She deserved to get it , as what she already did .
  
• (She deserves it, as what he has done)

Since

• Momo started screaming since she saw an ufo in the air.
• ( Momo started screaming since I a saw ufo in the air )
• The police arrested him since he robed in the bank.
• ( The police arrested him since he robed in the bank)
• Since his father told him so , he went abroad .
  
• ( Since his father said like that, he went wandering)

So that

• She did it so that you realize your fault.
• (She did it so that you would realize your fault)
• I buy you a phone so that you can communicate with me.
• (I buy you a phone so that you can communicate with me)

As a result

• He always saves all his earnings . As a result , his big luxury uphill mansion .
  
• (He always saved all his income. As a result , a large and magnificent castle on top of his cliff)
• That old man always talks nonsense . As a result , the resident call him 'Shitty' .
  
• (The old man always talks nonsense. As a result , the residents call him a 'liar')

Consequently

• He was a street racer back in that day , consequently , his broken legs .
  
• (He was a street racer at the time, consequently , a broken leg)
• He didn't study , consequently, he got the bad scores.
• (He doesn't study, consequently , he gets bad grades)

Hence

• He wants to take a leak . Hence , he looks so hurry .
  
• (He wants to take a leak. hence, he looks very rushed)
• She was starved . Hence , she was pale .
  
• (she was starved . hence, he was pale)

For this reason

• He can play that game in days without doing anything else . For this reason , I call him 'maniac' .
  
• (He is able to play this game for days without doing anything. For this reason , I call him a 'maniac')
• My grandfather always hugs me so hard . For this reason , I always hide when he comes to my place .
  
• (My grandfather always hugged me tightly. For this reason , I always hide when he comes to my place)
• He always helps people around him who are in trouble. For this reason, I secretly like him.
• (He always helps those around him who are in trouble. For this reason , I secretly like him)

So

• Momo was allowed to eat cookies for dessert so she was happy.
• (Momo is allowed to eat cookies for dessert so he's happy)
• She ate too much this morning , so she fell asleep in the afternoon .
  
• (He ate too much this morning , so he fell asleep in the afternoon)
• He forgot to lock the door , so the burglar could go in easily .
  
• (He forgot to lock the door, so the bulglar could go in easily)

Therefore

• They never argued about my decisions . Therefore , we always ended up as a great team .
  
• (They never complain about my decisions. therefore, we always end up as a good team)
• They play football all day. Therefore, they feel tired.
• (They play football all day. Therefore , they feel tired)
• My brother takes a study in New York. Therefore, he needs a passport.
• (My brother is studying in New York. Therefore , he needs a passport)

Example of a Cause and Effect Paragraph

Paragraph Cause and Effect 1

Drought which is happened this year is very long. Even, in the last two month almost there was no rain. Moreover, with the very hot weather makes surface of the soil is cracked and dry and causes the dust is flying away. In addition, the water that is stored in the irrigation couldn't be found anymore, so that there is no water which is flowing the farmers' rice. As a result, they suffered a failure in harvesting because the rice they planted is failed to grow caused by this drought.

Paragraph Cause and Effect 2

Alcoholic drinking is very dangerous for our health. There are lot of problems caused by this dangerous fluid. First, it can cause a swell in our liver. This is because it can trigger the liver to work extra hard filtering the fluid in our body, so that, the liver becomes swollen because it contains so much fluid. Secondly, alcoholic drinking damages the human brain. It will decrease the function of alcohol addict's brain, increasing the risk of depression and frustration. If this happens, there will be a change in behavior on the alcoholic, even they can be mad. Then, alcohol also decreases the functions of our senses. One is our eye is absolutely can be blind because of alcohol. In addition, this drink can also speed up menopause in women because it decreases the function of reproductive organs in women, so that they will get menopause sooner than the period in general. Last, it is also able to cause defects in the fetus. Alcohol that comes into the body of pregnant women also has an impact on their baby, so that they will be born with disabilities. Therefore, the circulation of alcoholic drinking is prohibited in Indonesia because it causes several dangerous diseases to the body.

Conclusion :

 Cause and effect are the type of compound sentence that has a cause and can cause an effect. Cause means something that happens, while the effect is a consequence of the incident.

hope and plan on 2021

I really hope this year will be the best year in my life and all my wishes are fulfilled i hope in this year i can be the better person more then 2020 , more positive things and happiness , new me new personality new hope and ofc i hope ms Corona gone and this year is much better than 2020 

PASSIVE VOICE

 

passive voice is a form of sentence of sentence where the subject of the sentence take action not take action. 

1.) The passive voice is used frequently.  (= we are interested in the passive voice, not in who uses it.)

 2.) The house was built in 1654. (= we are interested in the house, not in who built it.)

 3.) The road is being repaired.  (= we are interested in the path, not in who did the repair.)

• Example :

1. Everyone understands English 

Passive ( English is understood by Everyone )

2. We cleaned our house yesterday

Passive ( Our house was cleaned yesterday )

3. She didn’t invite me to the party

Passive ( I wasn’t invited to the party )

4. They didn’t study Math last night.
Passive  ( Math wasn’t studied last night )

5. She would reject the offer

Passive ( The offer would be rejected by her )

6. This surprises me

Passive ( I am surprised by this ) 

dialog 

passive voice. let's see my dialogue below.

aziz : halo wahyu you look different today. Why you didn’t wear your usual glasses?

wahyu : My usual glasses is being repaired in the optic. I broke the lenses yesterday.

aziz : I hope the repair goes well and you can use your usual glasses again

wahyu : Thank you, I hope so. This glasses is really uncomfortable and I want to wear my usual glasses again. 

TYPE 3 IF CONDITIONAL

 

Pengertian Conditional Sentence Type 3

Conditional sentence type 3 atau third conditional adalah conditional sentence yang digunakan ketika result/consequence (hasil) dari condition (syarat) tidak ada kemungkinan terwujud karena condition-nya harus sudah dipenuhi di masa lalu.

Rumus Conditional Sentence Type 3

Bagian conditional clause (if + condition) menggunakan past perfect tense, sedangkan bagian main clause (result) menggunakan perfect modal (modal + have + past participle).

If-clause dapat menempati awal atau tengah kalimat. Ketika if-clause menempati awal kalimat, koma ditempatkan sebelum main clause.

The type 3 conditional refers to an impossible condition in the past and its probable result in the past. These sentences are truly hypothetical and unreal, because it is now too late for the condition or its result to exist. There is always some implication of regret with type 3 conditional sentences. The reality is the opposite of, or contrary to, what the sentence expresses. In type 3 conditional sentences, the time is the past and the situation is hypothetical.

Examples

• If I had worked harder I would have passed the exam. (But I didn't work hard, and I didn't pass the exam.)
• If I had known you were coming I would have baked a cake. (But I didn't know and I didn't bake a cake.)
• I would have been happy if you had called me on my birthday. (But you didn't call me and I am not happy.)

In type 3 conditional sentences, you can also use modals in the main clause instead of "would" to express the degree of certainty, permission, or a recommendation about the outcome.

Examples

• If I had worked harder I might have passed the exam.
• You could have been on time if you had caught the bus.
• If he called you, you could go.
• If you bought my school supplies for me, I might be able to go to the park.

Formulas for Conditional Sentence Type 3

The conditional clause (if + condition) uses the past perfect tense, while the main clause (result) uses the perfect modal (modal + have + past participle).

As in all conditional sentences, the order of the clauses is not fixed. You may have to rearrange the pronouns and adjust punctuation when you change the order of the clauses, but the meaning is identical.

Examples

• If it had rained, you would have gotten wet.
• You would have gotten wet if it had rained.
• You would have passed your exam if you had worked harder.
• If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exam.
• I would have believed you if you hadn't lied to me before.
• If you hadn't lied to me before, I would have believed you.

Contractions

Both would and had can be contracted to 'd, which can be confusing if you are not confident with type 3 conditional sentences. Remember 2 rules:
would never appears in the if-clause so if 'd appears in the if clause, it must be abbreviating had.
had never appears before have so if 'd appears on a pronoun just before have, it must be abbreviating would.

Examples

• If I'd known you were in hospital, I'd have visited you.
• If I had known you were in hospital, I would have visited you.
• I'd have bought you a present if I'd known it was your birthday.
• I would have bought you a present if I had known it was your birthday.
• If you'd given me your e-mail, I'd have written to you.
• If you had given me your e-mail, I would have written to you.

The perfect conditional tense

The perfect conditional of any verb is composed of three elements:
would + have + past participle
Have followed by the past participle is used in other constructions as well. it is called the "perfect infinitive".

TYPE 2 IF CONDITIONAL

 

Type 2 conditional sentence  or second conditional is a conditional sentence  that is used when the result / consequence of the condition has no or little chance of being realized because the condition cannot be fulfilled in the present (present unreal situation) or condition it is difficult to happen in the future.

The condition is in the subordinate clause with the subordinate conjunction "if", while the result / consequence is in the main clause .

Function

The type 2 conditional refers to an unlikely or hypothetical condition and its probable result. These sentences are not based on the actual situation. In type 2 conditional sentences, the time is now or any time and the situation is hypothetical.

Examples

• If the weather wasn't so bad, we would go to the park. (But the weather is bad so we can't go.)
• If I was the Queen of England, I would give everyone a chicken. (But I am not the Queen.)
• If you really loved me, you would buy me a diamond ring.
• If I knew where she lived, I would go and see her.
• It is correct, and very common, to say "if I were" instead of "if I was" (subjunctive mood).

Examples

• If I were taller, I would buy this dress.
• If I were 20, I would travel the world.
• If I were you, I would give up smoking.
• If I were a plant, I would love the rain.

In type 2 conditional sentences, you can also use modals in the main clause instead of "would" to express the degree of certainty, permission, or a recommendation about the outcome.

Examples

• We might buy a larger house if we had more money
• He could go to the concert if you gave him your ticket.
• If he called me, I couldn't hear.

IF CONDITIONAL FIRST TYPE

 

Definition First Type If Conditional

A type 1 conditional sentence or first conditional is a conditional sentence that is used if the result / consequence of the condition is likely to materialize in the future because the conditions are realistic to fulfill. The condition is in the subordinate clause with the subordinate "if" conjunction, while result / consequence is in the main clause

Examples

• If it rains, you will get wet.
• You will get wet if it rains.
• If Sally is late again I will be mad.
• I will be mad if Sally is late again.
• If you don't hurry, you will miss the bus.
• You will miss the bus if you don't hurry.

Uses of the Conditional

First conditional

• Nature: Open condition, what is said in the condition is possible.
• Time: This condition refers either to present or to future time.
• e.g. If he is late, we will have to go without him.
• If my mother knows about this, we are in serious trouble

Function

The type 1 conditional refers to a possible condition and its probable result. These sentences are based on facts, and they are used to make statements about the real world, and about particular situations. We often use such sentences to give warnings. In type 1 conditional sentences, the time is the present or future and the situation is real.

Examples

• If I have time, I'll finish that letter.
• What will you do if you miss the plane?
• Nobody will notice if you make a mistake.
• If you drop that glass, it will break.
• If you don't drop the gun, I'll shoot!
• If you don't leave, I'll call the police.

In type 1 conditional sentences, you can also use modals in the main clause instead of the future tense to express the degree of certainty, permission, or a recommendation about the outcome.

Examples

• If you drop that glass, it might break.
• I may finish that letter if I have time.
• If he calls you, you should go.
• If you buy my school supplies for me, I will be able to go to the park.

• If you buy Bitcoin right now, you will be rich.
• I will be the winner in this singing competition if I show the judges my best performance.
• Rania will go to Disneyland if she gets a raise.
• If Tantra joins a Poker tournament, he will win the game.
• If you consume garlic and green tea regularly, you will live longer.
• If you put on this cologne, Tania will be attracted to you.
• You will lose all your money if you go for second round.
• If we talk about the deal over dinner, Mr. Richard will agree to sell his land to our company.

Dialog

IF CONDITIONAL ZERO TYPE

We use the zero conditional when we want to talk about 

We use the zero conditional when we want to talk about facts or things that are generally true.

It is important to remember that this condition is not realated to the past, present or future - it only applies to things which are ALWAYS true.

We can make a zero conditional sentence with two present simple verbs (one in the 'if clause' and one in the 'main clause'):

• If + present simple, .... present simple.

This conditional is used when the result will always happen. So, if water reaches 100 degrees, it always boils. It's a fact. I'm talking in general, not about one particular situation. The result of the 'if clause' is always the main clause.

The 'if' in this conditional can usually be replaced by 'when' without changing the meaning.

For example: If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils. (It is always true, there can't be a different result sometimes). If I eatpeanuts, I am sick. (This is true only for me, maybe, not for everyone, but it's still true that I'm sick every time I eat peanuts 

DIALOG ABOUT CONDITIONAL IF ZERO TYPE

aziz  : What do you usually do on your weekends?

wahyu        : If I stay at home, I spend time with my phone.

aziz    : You don’t go anywhere?

wahyu        : I go to the cinema if I my sister asks me.

aziz    : What kind of movie you watch at cinema?

wahyu        : I love to watch horor comedy whenever I go to cinema.

aziz    : It sounds exciting.

wahyu        : It’s not exciting if my sister suddenly wants to watch a drama

• If you mix yellow and blue, you get green. / You get green if you mix yellow and bIf you are tired, you goearly. /You go